Refrigerating and ice-manufacturing means.



A. 0. GIRARD.

REPEIGERATING AND ICE MANUFACTURING MEANS.

APPLICATION FILED ZEBRA, 1913.

L1. fififib Patented Mar. 16, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

. 1 2mm g A. O. GIRARD.

REFRIGERATING AND ICE MANUFACTURING MEANS.

APPLICATION FILED FEBA, 1913.

m n, ll lgg 6 Patented iviar.16,1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR I 141102712 S r A. O. GIRARD.

REFRIGERATING AND ICE MANUFACTURING MEANS. APPLICATION FILED FEB.4,1913.

Patented 16, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES [NVENTOR A. O. GIRARD.

RBFRIGERATING AND ICE MANUFACTURING MEANS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.4,1913.

Eatented Mar. 16, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

L VVENTR WITNESSES ALFRED 0. GIRARD, 0F MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

BEFBIGERATING AND ICE-MANUFACTURING- MEANS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 16, 1915.

Application filed February 4, 1913. Serial No. 746,252.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it lmown that I, ALFRED O. GIRARD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State ofWisconsin, have invented new and useful Improvements in Refrigeratingand Ice-Manufacturing Means, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention pertains to refrigera'tion and the manufacture ofice.

One of the objects of the invention is the provision of refrigeratingand ice manufacturing means that is possessed of high efficiency becauseall portions of the circulating system are maintained at all times in acold state, and therefore there is no liability of the return conduit tothe pump or other circulating medium becoming heated to a materialextent.

Another object is the provision of refrigerating and ice manufacturingapparatus that is compact, efiicient and not liable to get out of order,and is therefore particularly adapted for domestic use.

Another object is the provision of means for conducting any ammonia thatmay escape with lubricating oil from the circulating system back intothe circulating system.

Another object is to repeatedly use the lubricating oil and to relieveback pressure on the pump or other circulating medium incidental to thereturn of the ammonia or ammonia gas to the circulating system.

Other objects and advantageous characteristics of my invention will befully appreciated from the following description and claims when thesame are read in connection with the drawings, accompanying and formingpart of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of amachine constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is anenlarged section of the expansion "alve comprised in the machine. Fig. 3is an enlarged vertical section illustrating the circulating system ofthe machine including the pump, the cooling-agent receptacle and theammonia conduits disposed in said cooling agent and adjacent the pump.Fig. 4 is an enlarged elevation of the machine looking from a view pointat the left of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is'a fragmentary plan of the machine. Fig.6 is an enlarged detail view illustrative of the filter employedintermediate the oil separator and the ex pansion Valve. Fig. 7 is adiametrical sec motor and the crank shaft 7 of the pump,

a water jacket or receptacle 8 supported on the crank case of the pump,a valve casing 9 having an induction orifice 10 designed to be connectedwith a main or other source of water supply, and also having an eductionorifice 11 designed to be connected through a pipe 12 with the lowerportion of the receptacle 8, a diaphragm 13 disposed in said casing andopposite a port 14 thereof, which port is connected with theammonia-circulating system, as hereinafter described, and a valve 15controlled by thesaid diaphragm and designed in turn to control thepassage of water between the induction orifice 10 and the eductionorifice 11. By virtue of the provision of the diaphragm 13 and the valve15, and the connections described of the casing 9, it will be manifestthat so long as there is a certain pressure in the casing 9 at theopposite side of the diaphragm 13, with reference to the orifice 10, thevalve 15 will be held open and the circulation of water through thereceptacle 8 will be malntained, while when the pressure s reduced inthe portion of the casing adjacent the orifice 14 below a certain point,the valve 15 will be closed, and the circulation of water through thereceptacle 8 will be stopped.

From the receptacle 8 the water passes through a pipe 16 to a sewer orother point of discharge.

As vwill be observed by reference to Flg. 3, the pump cylinder 3 isarranged 1n the receptacle 8 and surrounded by the water thereincontained. At its upper end the said cylinder is provided with aninduction port 20 and an eduction port 21; the port 20 be g controlledby an outwardly-seatlng valve 2, and the ort 21 by an inwardlyseatingvalve 23. Above the said valves the cylinder is provided with removableplugs valve chambers above the valves 22 and 23 are provided withupwardly-seating valves 27. These valves normally rest in the openposition shown. When, however, it is desired to gain'access to thevalves 22 and 23,

the valves 27 are pulled upwardly into closed positions to effectuallyprevent the escape of ammonia from the circulation system during thetime that the plugs 24 are displaced.

Connected to the conduit 26 is an ammonia-conduit 28 which is preferablya worm of pipe, and is disposed in the water in receptacle 8, as-shoWn.The said conduit 28, in turn, is connected through a conduit 29 with theupper portion of an oil.separator 30, which contains a bafiie 31 toaccelerate the downward passage of lubricating oil, and is equipped witha pressure gage 32 for indicating the pressure ofthe ammonia passingfromthe conduit 28. At this point it may also be stated that 'a pressuregage 33 is connected with the conduit 25 to indicate the pressure of theammonia precedent to the entrance of the same into the pump.

In the casing of the oil separator 30 is a float valve 34 whichcontrols" an oil outlet port 35 from which a conduit 36 leads to theclosed crank case 5 of the pump, as shown. A hand screw 37 is mounted inthe separator casing below the valve 34, and is manipulated when it isnecessary to unseat-the valve by hand. During the operation of themachine the pressure in the separator holds the valve. 34 closed. When,however, the machine is at rest, the valve 34 will ultimately rise, andthen the oil collected in the form of globules in the separator willpass through the conduit 36 into the crank case 5.

The described rising of the float valve 34 takes place when the machinestops, and is brought about by the equalization of pressure above andbelow said valve 34. This latter is due to the fact that the by-passconduit 60 allows the pressure in the oil separator 30 and the crankcase 5 to equalize, and then theoil in separator, previously forced bythe pressure from above past the float valve 34, raises the said fioatvalve to a slight extent, but suflicient for the passage of oil from theseparator through conduit 36 into the crank case 5.

In lieu of the separator 30, the separator 30* shown in Fig. 8, may beemployed. This separator 30 differs from the. separator 30 in that ithas an interior annular flange 38 on its casing, and in that it containsa diaphragm 39-, a valve 34 connected to said diaphragm, and anexpansion spring 40 interposed between the bottom of the casing and thediaphragm. During the away from the separator casin holds the diaphragm39 auge 38, against the action of the spring 40*, and hence oil isenabled to collect in the lower portion of the casing.

When, however, the machine is at rest, the

spring 40 will ultimately raise the diaphragm 39 and the valve 34 andpermit the oil to pass through the conduit 36 to the crank case 5.

Leading from the upper portionof the separator 30 is a conduit 40, andconnected with said conduit, which is closed at its outer end 41, is 'aconduit 42 which leads to the orifice 14 of the casing 9, beforedescribed,

so as to enable the pressure in the separator when the machine isrunning, to hold the valve 15 open and-thereby maintain the en.-

culation of Water through the receptacle 8.

Also connected with the conduit40 is a conduit 43. This latter extendsdown to and is connected with the-casing 44 of the filter for catchingand holding any impurities or foreign substance present in the ammonia.In addition to the casing 44, the filter comprises an open-work rest 45'which bears on the lower: end of the casing, and'a cup 46 of reticulatedmaterial which rests on the said base and is provided at its upper. endwith an interiorly threaded collar 47 connected to a threaded-flange 48that depends from the cap of the casing.

The foraminous cup 46 is smaller in diameter than the casing 44, andhence it will be apparentthat' ammonia can freely pass through theinterstices or openings in the passes through a conduit 49 to anexpansion valve 50, best shown in F ig.=2, and from the said expansionvalve the ammonia in the form of gas slightly-saturated passes through aconduit 51 to a suitable conduit,

not shown which conduitis preferably immersed in brine 1n a receptaclecontained in a refrigerator, cold storage chamber or other compartmentthat it is desired to keep cold. In this connection it is to be takeninto con- 'sideration that when the machine is first put in operationeverything is warm and the ammonia on the high pressure side is in aliqworking of the machine, the pressure in the"-a gas, though more orless saturated, since magma it is constantly absorbing heat until thesubstance to be refrigerated reaches a low temperature correspondingwith that of the cooling agent. This will be better appreciated when itis stated that in practice the coil 28 is thirteen feet in length, andthe coil in the refrigerator is 66 feet in length, and in addition tothese lengths of coil there are the other spaces in the circulatingsystem to receive the three ounces of anhydrous ammonia which is allthat is employed. From this it follows that the ammonia cannot beentirely in a liquid state. From the said conduit the ammonia passesback to the machine through a conduit 52. This latter conduit isconnected at 53 with an ammonia conduit 54, and the latter conduit, incommon with the conduit 28, is preferably in the form of a worm of pipe,and is disposed in the water in the receptacle 8, and is preferablyarranged around and adjacent to the cylinder 3 of the pump. At its endremote from the conduit 52, the conduit 53 is connected with the conduit25, as indicated by 55, in Fig. 3. It will also be observed by referenceto Fig. 3 that a conduit 56 effects direct connection between theconduit 52 and the conduit 25, and that a baffle 57 is arranged over theinduction end of the conduit 54. The conduit 56 constitutes a bypass andpermits of a portion of the ammonia passing directly from the conduit 52to the conduit 25, and the pump, this in order to prevent freezing inthe receptacle 8, after the machine has been in operation for some time.

Intermediate the crank case 5 of the pump and the return conduit 52 ofthe circulating system, is a minute by-pass conduit 60, Figs. 3 and 4.This conduit permits of any ammonia that may find its way into the crankcase 5 past the piston during the working of the machine, to pass backinto the circulating system, and this without the ammonia beingaccompanied by oil which is in a cold state, and hence in the form ofglobules in the crank case. F v

The oil which is used for lubricating purposes'in the crank case, findsits way through splashing past the piston into the circulating system,and this makes necessary the employment of the oil separatorhereinbefore specifically referred to. It will be noticed, however, inthis connection that the oil is effectually separated from the ammoniaprecedent to the passage of the latter to'the conduit disposed in brinein the refrigerating chamber; also, that by reason of the oil beingconducted back into the crank case 5, the oil is repeatedly used forlubricating purposes, and hence the initial charge of oil will last foran indefinite. period.

It is to be noted that the ammonia is in a liquid state after it leavesthe condenser coil 28. While the outlet of the separator 30 is at thetop thereof, it is to be taken into consideration that there is a bafileplate in the separator 30, and also that the movement of the liquidthrough coil 28 and separator 30 is very slow. Moreover the pumping intothe coil 28 direct from the compressor coupled with the fact that thecoil 28 is surrounded by water assures the ammonia reaching theseparator 30 in a cold. state. From this it follows that the ammonia andoil will separate, the oil passing to the bottom of the separator 30,and ultimately back to the crank case-t; 6., when the machine is at restand the valve 34 is permitted to rise.

In addition to puttingback into the circulating system anyammonia thatmay find its way past the piston and into the crank case 5, the by-pass60 serves the important function of exhausting the crank case 5, and inthat way prevents the imposition of back pressure on the piston.Moreover the bypass or by-pass conduit 60 contributes to the lubricationof the top of the piston, and the upper portion of the piston cylinderby enabling the piston to draw a small quantity of oil into the returnor low pressure conduit, and past the suction valve. 22 into the upperportion of the cylinder, from whence the oil will be eventually forcedback into the separator 30. Thus the oil is used over and over again.Said by-pass conduit 60 also assures equalization of pressure throughoutthe appara tus when the same is not in operation, and this alone is animportant advantage, inasmuch as it precludes the small quantity ofanhydrous ammonia employed expanding sufiiciently to cause breakage orderangement when the machine is idle and warm. The by-pass conduit 60further contributes to the reliable operation of the valve 15.

It will also be gathered from the foregoing that one charge of ammoniaplaced in the circulating system will last for an indefinite period, andhence my novel machine may be very economically operated.

In the operation of the machine, the ammonia is compressed by the pump,and is forced through the conduit 28 and into the separator 30, fromwhence it passes through the filter ,and the expansion valve in theorder named. After leaving the expansion valve, the ammonia in the formof gas is carried to and through the conduit (not shown) in therefrigerating chamber. From the said conduit in which the gas ispreferably permitted to expand a plurality of times, the gas is drawnthrough the conduit 52, the conduit 56 and the conduit 54 into the pump,where it is again compressed,

and the operation before described is repeated.

A highly important characteristic of my invention resides in the factthat after the operation of the machine is established, the

ammonia gas in passing through the conduit in the brine absorbs solittle heat that the conduit 52 through which the gas returns to theconduit 54 and the pump, is maintained in a cold state. In fact afterthe machine has been in operation for a that the pump and the twoammonia conent, is:

duits 54 and 28 are arranged in close relation in the cooling-agentreceptacle 8 is due the high efliciency of the machine.

It will also be gathered from the foregoing that the compact arrangementof the elements comprised in my novel machine well adapts the same fordomestic use, as well as use in all other places where space is limited.

The high efiiciency of. the machine is also attributable to the factthat all portions of the machine are, during the operation of themachine, maintained in a cold state.

Having described my invention, what I claim and desire tosecure byLetters-Pat- 1. In a machine of the class described, the combination ofa pump having a cylinder and a crank case, tortuous conduits connectedwith the induction orifice and eduction orifice, respectively, of thepump, means for cooling the pump and the said tortuous conduits, and aby-pass conduit intermediate the crank case of the pump and one of thesaid tortuousconduits.

2. In a machine of the class described, a receptacle having an outlet,means for supplying the same with a cooling agent, a pump having acylinder disposed in the receptacle, a tortuous conduit disposed in thereceptacle and connected at one end withthe induction orifice of thepump, a second tortuous conduit disposed in the rece tacle and connectedwith the eduction ori ce of the pump; the said conduits being designedto be connected with a refrigerating conduit, means for'utilizing thepressure in the second-named conduit to control the supply of coolingagent to the receptacle, and a bypass conduit 56 adapted to be connectedwith the refrigerating conduit and connected with the induction orificeof the pump.

3. In a machine of the class described, a pump cylinder having induction'and eduction orifices and valve chambers and also having anoutwardly-seating valve in one chamber and an inwardly-seating valve inthe other chamber and removable plugs normally closing said valvechambers, conduits connected with the induction and eduction orifices,and valves in said conduits and arrangedto be seated toward the saidorifices of the pump to close the conduits to the valve chambers whenthe plugs are removed.

4. In a machine of the class described, a receptacle having an outlet,means for supplying thesame with a cooling agent, a pump having acylinder. disposed in the receptacle and also having a crank case, aworm of pipe disposed in the receptacle and about the cylinder andconnected with the induction orifice of the pump, a 'by-pass conduitintermediate the crank case and said worm of pipe, a second worm of pipedisposed in the receptacle and about the cylinder and connected with theeduction orifice of the pump, an oil separator connected with thesecond-named worm of pipe, a conduit for carrying oil from saidseparator to the crank case of the pump, and expansion means connectedwith and adapted to receive ammonia from the said separator;thefirst-named worm of pipe and the expansion means being designed to beconnected with a refrigerating conduit, and means for utilizing thepressure in the circulating system to control the supply of coolingagent to the receptacle.

5. In a machine ofthe class described, a receptacle having an outlet,means for supplying .the samewith a cooling agent, a pump having acylinder disposed in the receptacle and also having a crank case, a wormof pipe disposed in the receptacle and about the cylinder and connectedwith the induction orifice of the pump, a conduit connected with saidworm of pipe at a point remote from the induction orifice of the pumpand designed to be connected with a refrigerating conduit, a by-passconduit intermediate the crank case and said conduit, a by-pass conduitintermediate the first-named conduit and the induction orifice of thepump, a second worm of pipe disposed in the receptacle and about thecylinder and connected with the eduction orifice of the. pump, an oilseparator connected with the second-named worm of pipe, a conduit forcarrying oil from said separator to the crank case of the pump, ex-

worm of pipe disposed in the receptacle and about ,the cylinder andconnected with the lnductlon orifice of the pump, a conduit connectedwith said worm of pipe at a point remote from the induction orifice anddecrank case-andsaid conduit, a by-pass conduit intermediate thefirst-named conduit and the eduction orifice of the pump, a second wormof pipe disposed in the receptacle and about the cylinder and connectedwith the eduction orifice of the pump, an oil separator connected withthe secondnamed worm of pipe, a conduit for carrying oil from saidseparator to the crank case of the pump, a filter connected with andadapted to receive ammonia from said separator,

expansion means connected with an adapted to receive ammonia from saidfilter, a conduit connected to said expansion means and designed to beconnected with the refrigerating conduit, and means for utilizing thepressure in the circulating system for controlling the supply of coolingagent to the receptacle.

7. In a machine of the class described, a receptacle for a coolingliquid, a pump having a cylinder disposed in the receptacle and alsohaving a crank case, a tortuous conduit disposed in the receptacle andconnected with the induction orifice of the pump, a conduit connectedwith said conduit at a point remote from the induction orifice anddesigned to be connected with a refrigeratmg conduit, a by-pass conduitintermediate the crank case and said conduit, a second tortuous conduitdisposed in the receptacle and connected with the eduction orifice ofthe pump, an oil separator connected with the second-named tortuousconduit, a con.- duit for carrying oil from said separator to the crankcase of the pump, and a conduit connected with the separator and adaptedgo lie connected with the refrigerating con- 8. In a machine of theclass described, a

pump having a cylinder and a crank case, a

tortuous conduit connected with the induction orifice of the pump, aconduit connected with said conduit at'a point remote from saidinduction orifice and designed to be connected with a refrigeratingconduit, a by-pass conduit intermediate the crank case and said conduit,a second tortuous conduit connected with the eduction orifice of thepump, an oil separator connected with said conduit, a conduit forcarrying oil from said separator to' the crank case of the pump, and aconduit connected with the separator and adapted to be connected withthe refrigerating conduit.

9. In a machine of the class described, the combination of apump havinga cylinder and a, crank case, tortuous. conduits connected with theinduction orifice and eduction orifice, respectively, of the pump, meansfor cooling the pump and the said tortuous conduits, an oil separatorconnected with one of the tortuous conduits, a conduit connecting theseparator with the crank case of the pump, a valve forcontrolling saidconduit, and a by-pass conduit intermediate the crank case of the pumpand one of the said tortuous conduits.

' 10. In a machine of the class described,

ALFRED O. GIRARD.

Witnesses:

EDNA JAn css SHEELEY, Nmm C. HEALY.

